In extremis (1961.04.06) – A Manifesto of Academic Humanism in Manila
The letter “In extremis” of John XXIII congratulates the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas in Manila on its 350th anniversary, extols its historical merits for Church and nation, praises its role in the Christian formation of the Philippines, recalls earlier papal commendations, and confers an “Apostolic Blessing” on its authorities, professors, students, and civil powers, presenting the university as a bulwark of Christian culture and harmonious cooperation between Church, academy, and modern state. Its entire tone and structure, however, reveal the programmatic shift from the supernatural and confessional order to an academicist, nationalist, and humanistic paradigm that dissolves the integral Catholic mission into the preparatory rhetoric of the conciliar revolution.










